����JFIF�����%%��� }!1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br� %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz������������������������������������������������������������������������� w!1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� $4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz��������������������������������������������������������������������������?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|��O�������h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@��o�E��/�?��ߵE_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ ?�z�����������goڢ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?��=[�Qg�����o����Q@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y�����[����TP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,���|-��v��(���� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�������;~��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@�������?�_�����j������ (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@��o�E��/�?��ߵE_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ ?�z�����������goڢ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?��=[�Qg�����o����Q@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y�����[����TP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,���|-��v��(���� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�������;~��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@�������?�_�����j������ (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@��o�E��/�?��ߵE_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ ?�z�����������goڢ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?��=[�Qg�����o����Q@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y�����[����TP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,��������ο�O�P��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@����(���g���Y������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���V��Y|����Y����UP��@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P����,�����,��u������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j���h�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� �@���o�E��?�?����ο�U_�P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@ _�z�����������g_ڪ�?��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (��?�/�=[�Qe�����g����U@��P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������k�w���~���v��������� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (���տ�_�����:��T�~�@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@P@������/���?��j�?�5o�%��?��� g����U@�����&O3�����a�;�^=�wH���D��/��*� �fX�I���,������k?g_���?�5o�%��?��� g����U@�F�����������*������?�o�}��Τ~g��ʀ�#V��Y������~ο�T�j��K/� ������������z��������#;�~���A�;��� w�F�����������*���տ��_�@�o��5����EU������������u�誠��W��[�����������O��?jW���@��տ���@�o��5����EM������������v�訠�#V��Y�������������V��Zv��~����vw�~���c�Q@���,��~���kgo���?�5o�%��/��� o����Q@��o�%�>�ߤ���߳����S������?��o�%�~�ߠ�d�߳����S����g�P��j��K?� _������������[� g�D����[�;�TP7���������'Ѿ���=��;/�P��j��K?� _������������[� g�D����[�;�TP���,��~���kgo���a������۔���B{���ea�`T�+ �n%Ц �����j��K?� _������������[� g�D����[�;�TP���,��~���kgo����?���%�/�~�����#����x��c�~�q�v�t`ȫ��_'h���������'�]�;{s� Pp=N= 5���%�����ڜs�����=���J��A@�����Kp�b��}��X�����4g v+:�Բ�+60�ʩ,� @�����������I �uO�����ToUv��bgUl�cP�T?�#V��Y������������j��K?� _����������!��X��]���������TK�|4��`� ��#��P\y��aa >NgL��j��K?� _������������[� g�D����[�;�TP���,��~���kgo���o�F�����$��ہ�� ��vݞr6��S�q''*02���[� g�D����[�;�TP���,��~���kgo���?�5o�%��/��� o����Q@�F�����������*(��տ���@�o��5����EE������������v�訠��������~1�o���}G�L�������5o�%��/��� o����Q@�F�����������*(��տ���@�o��5����EE5����%�˷���r�v����y�\~���)(?0���=[� i����>��gc��N=����5o�%��/��� o����Q@�F�����������*(��W��Z�l����m#���X�wn_�j`0C6윅����5o�%��/��� o����Q@��տ��y9���gbO�G�5@�n�>���#V��Y������~ο�T��V��Y����9�gc��s�T.�?Z_��[� e�D����Y�:��UP���,������k?g_����_�=_� n�~~�rI������w�,"~ԓ�!72���)( u��#V��Y������~ο�T�j��K/� ��������������K
�����Kr_���}�De>~��Z=��pjX�n[p(�"� �a,Ub�/�×�<����;��<�����K>��o���[�:����V���,��$��ϧ�*�����5O����տ��_�@�o��5����EU5��o�%����?�ꜜm�_�;>Gbs�S�����@��տ��_�@�o��5����EU ��տ��}�~�����v?�������-��o�l��~�ȥ�v����r��B1���@��տ���A�?����ggP��c�S�`@%�*����տ��_�@�o��5����EU������������u�誠7���� O���!c�|0��ёv��4�+�X�Vx�RX3��8����K>��o���[�:���u#�x��#V��Y������~ο�T�j��K/� ������������[� e�D����Y�:��UP���,������k?g_���O��[� g�D����[�:��T��=_� k����~��k����c�;����.8����c��z��Ͽ�/��zc�o����F?Z_��[� e�D����Y�:��UP���,������k?g_���C���,�v����v�o���H������(�z���w�/�����v ��T.G��Ϡ���տ��_�@�o��5����EU������������u�誠��W��[��'����%��o���:�Cڕ�R̀���j���������?�o���[�;������g0q�?��o�%�>o�_��>�gf����~4�������������u�誠�z���7�/��o���������_��[� e�D����Y�:��UP���,������k?g_���C���,�|�����o��;�Ԟ��9�l�z��ؠ3|��O�X�~���;~�q����Z�F�����������*���տ��_�@�o��5����EU!��տ��}�~����-��G��I�T�������������u�誠�#V��Y������~ο�T�j��K/� ����������#�=_� n|���KbB�gtdM��"�ڒA#n�63�6�m�P�����,���/���gS�u����#�9��5o�%��?��� g����U@��o�%�o�_�����u��'�������?��o��� ���3��?go���|m�ڇ���-S�O��x��>���^�����7����x�]_�>�qke>���m��4��7P�Yހ��
0byt3m1n1
0byt3m1n1
Path:
/
hermes
/
bosweb
/
web
/
b2920
/
robertgrove.netfirms.com
/
rk72z8wr
/
cache
/
[
Home
]
File: 79b6862fdac63e4b61e0fa44ac2463dc
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:1357:"<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" name="viewport"> <title>{{ keyword }}</title> <style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">body,div,html{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}html{font-size:100%;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}body{font-family:Karla,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:fixed;background-position:center center;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}</style> </head> <body class="lightbox nav-dropdown-has-arrow"> <div id="wrapper"> <header class="header has-sticky sticky-jump" id="header"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="header-bg-container fill"> <h2>{{ keyword }}</h2> </div> </div> </header> <main class="" id="main"> {{ text }} </main> <footer class="footer-wrapper" id="footer"> {{ links }} <div class="absolute-footer dark medium-text-center text-center"> <div class="container clearfix"> <div class="footer-primary pull-left"> <div class="copyright-footer"> {{ keyword }} 2022</div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>";s:4:"text";s:22298:"1) membrane type and pore size 2) Nutrient media 3)Filtering Equipment This GVS Catalog provides guidance on the selection of membranes, nutrient media and equipment and details the microbiological products available from GVS. White membranes with a black grid or black membranes with a white grid are available. Pore Size(m): 0.22 / 0.45. 2. lose acetate membrane filters leads to optimal total Sterilization Cartridges | Mini Cartridges- In-Line Steam Sterilization Max. 134 C, 0.5 bar | 7.25 psi, 20 min. Max. Whatman GD/X Syringe Filters, PVDF Membrane, Pore Size 0.45 m, Diam. Membrane Solutions Sterile PES Syringe Filters 0.22um Pore Size, 33mm Membrane Diameter . This method is commonly used for heat label pharmaceuticals and protein solutions in medicinal drug processing. Widely used in air monitoring and microbiological detection Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Syringe Filters Nylon 25mm Diameter 0.22 um Pore Size Non Sterile Pack of 100 by at the best online prices at eBay! Its mechanical filter can reduce pore size to 0.7 microns, and the membranes positive hydrostatic charge can even trap viruses down to 0.03 microns in size. Biology questions and answers. Filtration allows for the exclusion of organisms based upon size. However, membrane filters are available in a wide range of pore sizes from 0.11 to 10 microns. Pore Size 04 E: Final filter 0.8 m, prefilter 3.0 m 05 G: Final filter 0.65 m, prefilter 0.8 m The 0.5 m pore size is normally used. The validation of sterilization-grade membranes is integral to ensuring the efficient and safe use of microfiltration systems. Choose the Right Pore Size Pore size is best selected by considering the instrumentation used Membrane Filters, PTFE Whatmans range of membrane filters with advanced technical specifications are the preferred choice for a wide range of applications. The membrane filter is the molecular or biological filter, composed of biologically inert cellulose esters. Viruses Viruses are much smaller and biochemically simpler than bacteria; they range from approximately 20 to 250 nm in size. Sterile filtration constitutes an grade membrane filters. The microporous membranes used for this processes. In the past, the finished filter products were characterized products, all of non-standard terms. 10-100pcs Lab Syringe Filters PES Membrane 0.22m Pore Size 25mm Diameter HPLC. 2 Why are membrane filters used for sterilization? Membrane filtration traps contaminants larger than the pore size on the surface of the membrane. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Syringe Filters Nylon 25mm Diameter 0.22 um Pore Size Non Sterile Pack of 100 by at the best online prices at eBay! Description. 4 What are the advantages of membrane filter technique over MPN tests? The pore size is usually determined by your application or objective. What are the 4 methods of sterilization? Use membrane filters having a nominal pore size not greater than 0.45 m whose effectiveness to retain microorganisms has been established. There are many types of filtration techniques, but when sterilizing a system membrane filtration is used. However, membrane filters are available in a wide range of pore sizes from 0.11 to 10 microns. Syringe Filters [Sterilized Individually Packed] PVDF Membrane Diameter 33mm Pore Size 0.22m or 0.45m by Allpure Biotechnology [Pack of 20] FEATURES: 1. PTFE syringe filters are made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane and a polypropylene overmold housing. Membrane Filter. Quotation $ 0.00 The development of a membrane filter element with a rated pore size of 0.1 micron and a reduced pore distribution means the difference between the retention of viruses and bacteria. The sterilization process by filtration is performed with a membrane with 0.2 m pores. This cut off is sometimes smaller than the particles used for Pickering emulsions [317]. filter of cellulose nitrate or . containing compressed air from user point to a sterilized filtration funnel fitted with sterile membrane of nominal pore size equal to 0.45. Mycoplasma removal can be performed using a 0.1 m pore filter. Principle of Membrane Filter (MF) Technique. Membrane filters are intended to filter a solution only as it is expelled from a syringe. The pore size refers to the diameter of the individual pores in a membrane filter. 3. Even with the contraction of the standard pore size for sterilization, it turns out that simple size selection is not a sufficient method to fully contain all particles. Sterilization, membrane Filtration =s0.22,um pore size, sterile membrane filter Membrane filtration is the technique reeommended by most pharmacopoeias and involves filtration of fluids through a sterile membrane filter (pore size = 0.45 im), any microorganism present being retained on the surfaee of the filter. If contaminants are smaller than the desired particle, decrease the membrane pore 1-4mL Autosampler Vials for HPLC, UPLC, GC . The leakage of encapsulated material was only slight, lower than 5% in all cases, except for vesicles of 300 nm sterilized through polycarbonate membranes of 0.2 m pore size. Priority. Click for more questions. Pore Size Combination 0.2 m + 0.1 m (nom.) Sterilize the glass unit as per SOP of storage, preparation and sterilization of media. Humans with occupational or recreational contact with such water may become infected and develop leptospirosis. Cellulose nitrate filters, for example, are used for aqueous, oily, and weakly alcoholic solutions; and cellulose acetate filters, for example, are used for strongly alcoholic solutions. To ensure proper functioning of the filter, the membrane filters Min. MF-Millipore Membrane Filter, 0.45 m pore size. Livestock animals are often the source, and infections are seen in farmers and abattoir workers. Click for more questions. UV sterilization. PVDF. It possesses a uniform or predetermined pore size, which traps the different types of microorganisms whose size ranges from 0.01-0.10 m. Cross-flow asymmetric UF membranes A major application of UF has been in the field of sterilization. Pore size is typically specified in micrometers (m). The pore size to be used is usually determined by the particle size to be eliminated. The most commonly types membrane for sterile syringe filters are PES and PES with GF pre-filter. Usual pore sizes are 0.2 m and 0.5 m. ASTM F 838-05 is a standard TM inside which all sterilizing grade membranes can be compared A filter that reproducibly removes 2008 . Customer Service (714) 754-1339 My Cart $ 0.00. With 70 years of membrane development expertise, Palls proprietary filtration technology achieves best-in-class performance for higher throughput, superior capacity, and greater membrane compatibility. Filed. Here validation refers to the production of sterile filtrate for sterilizing-grade membranes under challenge test conditions. Microsart Funnel Dispenser Funnel dispenser for secure removal of single sterile from AA 1 GVS supplies a comprehensive suite of filtration and culturing products used for filtration, isolation and culturing of Microfiltration is a type of filtration physical process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid.It is commonly used in conjunction with various other separation processes such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to provide a product stream which is free of Free shipping for many products! Although a wide variety of pore sizes are available, membranes with pores about 0.2 m in diameter are used to remove most vegetative cells, from solutions ranging in volume from 1 ml to many liters. These hydrophilic, low protein binding, PES membrane filters are ideal for tissue culture media sterilization, life science and microbiology fluid applications, clinical, and general filtration. MF-Millipore Membrane Filter, 0.45 m pore size 47 mm diameter, mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane, hydrophilic, white, 100 discs - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information. Background Information. The porous membrane product has substantially the same permeability as the porous membrane substrate. LRV>7ATCC 19146, ASTM bacterial challenge testfor each lot of 0.22um pore size membrane. Membrane filters are probably used for sterilization because a. filters with smallest pore size do not clog easily b. many materials are destroyed by heat sterilization e. they are used to sterilize only very small amounts Opticap XL300 Millipore Express PHF sterile, inlet connection diam. Membrane filters have a known uniform porosity of predetermined size (generally 0.45 m) sufficiently small to trap microorganisms. May 01 1997. Wettability: Hydrophobic. Instructions for Use: Sterilizing filtration of a liquid through a membrane with a 0.2 m (or smaller) pore size effectively removes biological contaminants, including bacteria, mold and yeast. Description MCE (Mixed cellulose ester) membranes are composed of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate. During filtration of disinfectants, small volume parenterals (SVP), or large volume parenterals (LVP) preparation, 0.22-micron pore size filters are used; the main purpose of these procedures is to obtain a sterile solution by removing the contamination from the solution. (11.9 cm); Synonyms: Opticap XL 300 Millipore Express PHF Sterile 0.2 m 3/4 in. Laboratory filtration products come in many formats and with varying properties and yet the basics of filtration and many of the filter properties do not change. Routine labora tory sterilization of most media, buffers, biological fluids and gases is usually done with 0.2 or 0.22 m pore filter membranes. Fluidsthat would be damaged by heat irradiation or chemical sterilization can be only sterilized by microfiltration using membrane filters. showed adsorptive effects also change the manner in which different filter media capture different particles. The most commonly used filter is composed of nitrocellulose and has a pore size of 0.22m. The Sample Volume Selection Guide on page 6 outlines general guidelines for the most appropriate filter size for different volumes of liquid. Membrane filter made of cellulose acetate or Figure: Syringe Filter: A syringe filter with a pore size of 0.22 micrometers, small enough to 3 What are the advantages of the membrane filter method in the analysis of water samples? PTFE is the membrane of choice for use with aggressive solvents, liquids, and gases that can attack other membranes It is resistant to most acids, alkalis Step 3: Select the correct membrane area to optimize flow rate Suitable pore size structure for lab sterilization of small volume samples. What's the difference between membrane and filter? Issued. May 01 2017. 25 Sterilization Cycles or (mm). The pore size of an MF membrane is in the range of 0.0510 For example, a 5.0 m MF cartridge filter upstream of the RO unit is a standard requirement. Pressurization during SIP sterilization must be gradual to maintain filter integrity. Pore Size.Membrane Disc. Filtration Sterilization. pore size) Thermostable substance like antibiotics, growth hormones, enzymes, vitamins, Expiry. Pore Size: 0.22m Diamter: 30mm Membrane Material: CA Packing: Box of 50. After the discovery, researchers and labs competed to create the new filtration standard, arbitrarily defining their filters to be either 0.2 or 0.22 micron in pore size, roughly half the size of the old standard. There are many types of filtration techniques, but when sterilizing a system membrane filtration is used. Filtration allows for the exclusion of organisms based upon size. Free shipping for many products! Plus, our products feature low leachables and extractables and low protein binding. Another way to determine the micron size of columns, 0.45 um for >3 um, and 0.22 um for <3um. Commonly filter with pore size 0.2um will effectively remove microorganisms. Specification. lengthen the life of a filter. Filtration Sterilization. 16mm, 25mm Test Tubes for Water Analysis . Filtration allows for the exclusion of organisms based upon size. $45.89. MF-Millipore filters without Triton surfactant contain minimum amounts of Science. The sterile filtrate then exits from the center of the cartridge. A 13 mm diameter sterile syringe filter with a 0.22 m pore size hydrophilic PVDF membrane. Membrane filters must have a nominal pore size of 0.22 microns or less if they are to be used for sterilization. Other recommended products. A water sample is passed through a sterile membrane filter that is housed in a special filter apparatus contained in a suction flask. PTO PTO PDF Espace: Google: link PDF PAIR: Patent. Question - Generally used pore size of membrane filters for sterilization of solutions is Answer - 0.22 millimicrons. 6-20mL GC Headspace Vials pore size 0.45um PTFE membrane filter for sterilization most common filter used for sterilization is --, which is the size of. It should be noted that some samples may benefit from 0.1 m pore size filtration, see mycoplasma reduction , to ensure a sterile filtrate for sensitive cell culture applications. 10-100pcs Lab Syringe Filters PES Membrane 0.22m Pore Size 25mm Diameter HPLC. What type of filter does not comes under membrane filter? 0.8 m + 0.2 m (nom.) The membranes are also autoclavable, so you can reuse them after an experiment. The rate of flow through a filter is affected by the resistance of the filter, the viscosity of the solution, and pressure. Question - Generally used pore size of membrane filters for sterilization of solutions is Answer - 0.22 millimicrons. Just follow these four easy steps: Step 1: Match your application with the appropriate pore size. pore size specifications filters are very uniform with high degree of porosity. For example, for the purpose of filtering out particulate >0.2 microns in diameter, then choose a syringe filter with a 0.2 micron pore size. 0.2 m sterilizing filter will retain 10 organisms per cm of Pseudomonus diminuta at 30 psig and ambient temperature Fun fact: Due to viscosity differences, a 0.2 micron pore size rated membrane in liquid can retain up to 0.02 micron particles in air UV sterilization is arguably the most effective means of emergency water purification on this list. As a membrane ripens, the pore size available for filtering decreases, and smaller particles are captured. 13 mm, Non-Sterile, Pack of 1500, Whatman (CAT#: STEM-L-6661-LC) Often filters Biologically inert mixtures of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate have made MF-Millipore membrane filters one of the most widely used membranes in analytical and research applications. We have compiled these resources to help you select and use our products. Manuscript Generator Search Engine. 0.2micrometers, size of the smallest bacteria fragility of membrane due to assembly, sterilization or use, may result in rupture during filtration A filter recognized as suitable for producing sterile filtrate is 0.2 m pore size and capable of passing a bacterial challenge to retain a minimum of 10 7 cfu/cm of B. dimunita. The filter and housing are steam sterilized before product filtration, typically by steam-in-place (SIP) systems. Sterile venting of vacuum manifolds, fermentation vessels, and sterile filtrate tanks and containers utilize PTFE 0.2 m membranes. Exceptionally consistent pore size maximizes sterility. MS sterile syringe filters are made with a wide variety of membrane filters with polypropylene (PP) housing, using the most advanced methods and design features. 6354443. HB; find Millipore-KPGES003FH3 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich Figure 2. 0.45 m Membrane Filter Morphology and Gridded RECOVERY STUDY - 0.45 um VS. 0.22 um During filtration of disinfectants, small volume parenterals (SVP), or large volume parenterals (LVP) preparation, 0.22-micron pore size filters are used; the main purpose of these procedures is to obtain a sterile solution by Filter sterilization (membrane . Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, A microfilter with pore size of usually 0.22 m will effectively remove microorganisms. Defined Pore in a Sentence. Jornitz6 et al. < 0.25 EU/mL or < 2.15EU/device (LAL) for each lot of devices pressure required to empty the syringe. Filter it and after filtration, put the membrane filter on the media plate of Soyabean Casein Digest Agar (SCDA Diameter(mm): 33. The selection of filters for sterilization must account for the size range of the contaminants to be excluded. A 0.2m pore size must be used for sample sterilization by filtration. In addition, the different color contrast facilitates particle detection and minimizes visual fatigue. A procedure is recommended by which viruses may be passed through membranes with Home News PTFE Membrane Filter pore size 0.2um ptfe membrane for sterilization 1 FILTRATION Selecting the Best Filter for Your Application Choosing a filter does not have to be complicated Corning has simplified the process. 3/4 in., pore size 0.2 m, cartridge nominal length 4.7 in. Academic Accelerator; Manuscript Generator; Defined Pore 1. Pore size of membranes filter Commonly used pore diameters are 0.22m, 0.45m, 0.8m, 1.0m 0.22m membrane filter can remove very fine particles in samples and mobile phases; it can meet the requirements of 99.99% sterilization stipulated by GMP or Pharmacopoeia. However not all 0.2m pore size filters are sterilizing grade. Hydrophobic, high flow rate and throughput, (EO sterilization) SPECIFICATIONS: Filter Medium: Hydrophobic PVDF. 7.1 Total Bacterial Count and Total Yeast and Mould Count {By Membrane Filtration} Pipette 1ml each of purified water sample into a two sterile filtering apparatus and filter using 0.45 m pore size filter paper under aseptic conditions. Comes in a pack of 100. Microfiltration is a type of filtration physical process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid.It is commonly used in conjunction with various other separation processes such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to provide a product stream which is free of undesired contaminants Membrane filters are intended to filter a solution only as it is expelled from a syringe. What are the 4 methods of sterilization? Air and gas sterilization make use of the hydrophobic characteristics of PTFE membranes and their ability to stop aqueous aerosols. Catalogue No. In operation the filters were used with either Millipore Type MF-GS (pore size 0.22 pm) or HA (pore size 0.45 pm) filters with an appropriately sized pre- filter and Teflon gaskets or O-rings. Application: Ideal for sterilization of solutions or clarification of biological fluids. The typical microfiltration membrane pore size range is 0.1-10 m, with the most commonly used being 0.2 m; and 0.45 m is sufficient to eliminate bacteria and fungi. Allowable Differential Pressure In-Line Steam Sterilization Max. Membrane filters must have a nominal pore size of 0.22 microns or less if they are to be used for sterilization. Biology. Key Applications: Sterilization of tissue culture media, protein solutions or aqueous solutions; Low Protein Binding Membrane filtration traps contaminants larger than the pore size on the surface of the membrane. Selecting Right Membrane Syringe Filter Choose the size of filter based on the volume of sample that must be filtered. cellulose acetate 0.45-0.22 m . Home. 2.2 Examination of membrane passing-through activity. Inventors. All air used was prefiltered with a CUNO 1BlG (Cuno Engineering Company, Meriden, Conn.) filter at a supply pressure Mar 12 2002. When a membrane filter is new, particles that are smaller than the pore size will pass through the filter. Products. TC-9/16 in. Rinse the The membrane filters offer accurately controlled pore size distribution and higher strength and flexibility, which ensure reproducibility and For effective sterile filtration, a 0.22 m pore size rating is required based on challenge tests with Brevundimonas diminuta [29]. However, the selection of different membrane structures (symmetric vs. asymmetric, pore geometry, etc.) can still influence particle retention and membrane fouling [30,31]. There are many types of filtration techniques, but when sterilizing a system membrane filtration is used. Untreated membrane filters retain viruses by adsorption, as well as by physical restriction which occurs when the pore diameter of the filter is smaller than that of the virus particle. Step 2: Select the membrane and housing material for your application. Available in 13 mm and 25 mm diameters and 0.22 m and 0.45 m pore sizes. May 01 1997. Sterile filtration processes are widely used in the production of biotherapeutics for microorganism removal and product sterility. 47. It is 33mm membrane diameter and pore size: 0.22um, pack of 10. The defined pore sizes of 0.02, 0.1, or 0.2 m provided by Anopore membranes enable micrometer filtration of bacteria (average size 0.5-5 m) from a sample. In asymmetric membranes with a defined pore size gradient, fouling through adsorption to the membrane can result in a gradual pore constriction across different membrane zones . Membrane filtration traps contaminants larger than the pore size on the surface of the membrane. Manuscript Generator. The sterilizing filter and its pore size rating - ResearchGate What that means is, for the purpose of sterilization, 0.2 micron and 0.22 micron filters are indistinguishable. The size of the bacteria ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 m whereas the size of the viruses ranges from 20 nm to 0.36 m. The largest pore size that will yield a sterile filtrate is 0.2 microns. 2. Membrane filters are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. $45.89. Filtration Sterilization. An autoclaved MF-Millipore membrane filter (Millipore; diameter, 25 mm; pore size, 0.22, 0.3, or 0.45 m) was placed and dried for 45 min on an LB agar or a blood agar plate. A conventional membrane filter has a pore size at least 0.3 micron larger than a hollow fibre filter. ";s:7:"keyword";s:46:"pore size of membrane filter for sterilization";s:5:"links";s:1471:"<a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/welding-patch-for-letterman-jacket">Welding Patch For Letterman Jacket</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/deveaux-pronunciation">Deveaux Pronunciation</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/is-coffee-good-for-erectile-dysfunction">Is Coffee Good For Erectile Dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/dt-systems-replacement-parts">Dt Systems Replacement Parts</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/top-10-defensive-midfielders-in-premier-league-2021">Top 10 Defensive Midfielders In Premier League 2021</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/hyundai-starex-super-express-2017">Hyundai Starex Super Express 2017</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/montgomery-gator-fanart-cute">Montgomery Gator Fanart Cute</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/v8-%2Benergy-pomegranate-blueberry">V8 +energy Pomegranate Blueberry</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/aeschylus-famous-works">Aeschylus Famous Works</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/vicinity-energy-veolia">Vicinity Energy Veolia</a>, <a href="https://www.mobilemotorcyclerepairnearme.org/rk72z8wr/therapeutic-recreation-internships">Therapeutic Recreation Internships</a>, ";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
© 2017 -
ZeroByte.ID
.