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File: Security.php
<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); /** * CodeIgniter * * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer * * @package CodeIgniter * @author EllisLab Dev Team * @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. * @copyright Copyright (c) 2014 - 2015, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/) * @license http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html * @link http://codeigniter.com * @since Version 1.0 * @filesource */ // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** * Security Class * * @package CodeIgniter * @subpackage Libraries * @category Security * @author EllisLab Dev Team * @link http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/security.html */ class CI_Security { /** * Random Hash for protecting URLs * * @var string * @access protected */ protected $_xss_hash = ''; /** * Random Hash for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * * @var string * @access protected */ protected $_csrf_hash = ''; /** * Expiration time for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * Defaults to two hours (in seconds) * * @var int * @access protected */ protected $_csrf_expire = 7200; /** * Token name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * * @var string * @access protected */ protected $_csrf_token_name = 'ci_csrf_token'; /** * Cookie name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * * @var string * @access protected */ protected $_csrf_cookie_name = 'ci_csrf_token'; /** * List of never allowed strings * * @var array * @access protected */ protected $_never_allowed_str = array( 'document.cookie' => '[removed]', 'document.write' => '[removed]', '.parentNode' => '[removed]', '.innerHTML' => '[removed]', '-moz-binding' => '[removed]', '<!--' => '<!--', '-->' => '-->', '<![CDATA[' => '<![CDATA[', '<comment>' => '<comment>' ); /* never allowed, regex replacement */ /** * List of never allowed regex replacement * * @var array * @access protected */ protected $_never_allowed_regex = array( 'javascript\s*:', '(document|(document\.)?window)\.(location|on\w*)', 'expression\s*(\(|&\#40;)', // CSS and IE 'vbscript\s*:', // IE, surprise! 'wscript\s*:', // IE 'jscript\s*:', // IE 'vbs\s*:', // IE 'Redirect\s+30\d:', "([\"'])?data\s*:[^\\1]*?base64[^\\1]*?,[^\\1]*?\\1?" ); /** * Constructor * * @return void */ public function __construct() { // Is CSRF protection enabled? if (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE) { // CSRF config foreach (array('csrf_expire', 'csrf_token_name', 'csrf_cookie_name') as $key) { if (FALSE !== ($val = config_item($key))) { $this->{'_'.$key} = $val; } } // Append application specific cookie prefix if (config_item('cookie_prefix')) { $this->_csrf_cookie_name = config_item('cookie_prefix').$this->_csrf_cookie_name; } // Set the CSRF hash $this->_csrf_set_hash(); } log_message('debug', "Security Class Initialized"); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Verify Cross Site Request Forgery Protection * * @return object */ public function csrf_verify() { // If it's not a POST request we will set the CSRF cookie if (strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) !== 'POST') { return $this->csrf_set_cookie(); } // Do the tokens exist in both the _POST and _COOKIE arrays? if ( ! isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name], $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])) { $this->csrf_show_error(); } // Do the tokens match? if ($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name] != $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) { $this->csrf_show_error(); } // We kill this since we're done and we don't want to // polute the _POST array unset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]); // Nothing should last forever unset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]); $this->_csrf_set_hash(); $this->csrf_set_cookie(); log_message('debug', 'CSRF token verified'); return $this; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Set Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * * @return object */ public function csrf_set_cookie() { $expire = time() + $this->_csrf_expire; $secure_cookie = (config_item('cookie_secure') === TRUE) ? 1 : 0; if ($secure_cookie && (empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) OR strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) === 'off')) { return FALSE; } setcookie($this->_csrf_cookie_name, $this->_csrf_hash, $expire, config_item('cookie_path'), config_item('cookie_domain'), $secure_cookie); log_message('debug', "CRSF cookie Set"); return $this; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Show CSRF Error * * @return void */ public function csrf_show_error() { show_error('The action you have requested is not allowed.'); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Get CSRF Hash * * Getter Method * * @return string self::_csrf_hash */ public function get_csrf_hash() { return $this->_csrf_hash; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Get CSRF Token Name * * Getter Method * * @return string self::csrf_token_name */ public function get_csrf_token_name() { return $this->_csrf_token_name; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * XSS Clean * * Sanitizes data so that Cross Site Scripting Hacks can be * prevented. This function does a fair amount of work but * it is extremely thorough, designed to prevent even the * most obscure XSS attempts. Nothing is ever 100% foolproof, * of course, but I haven't been able to get anything passed * the filter. * * Note: This function should only be used to deal with data * upon submission. It's not something that should * be used for general runtime processing. * * This function was based in part on some code and ideas I * got from Bitflux: http://channel.bitflux.ch/wiki/XSS_Prevention * * To help develop this script I used this great list of * vulnerabilities along with a few other hacks I've * harvested from examining vulnerabilities in other programs: * http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html * * @param mixed string or array * @param bool * @return string */ public function xss_clean($str, $is_image = FALSE) { // Is the string an array? if (is_array($str)) { while (list($key) = each($str)) { $str[$key] = $this->xss_clean($str[$key]); } return $str; } //Remove Invisible Characters $str = remove_invisible_characters($str); /* * URL Decode * * Just in case stuff like this is submitted: * * <a href="http://%77%77%77%2E%67%6F%6F%67%6C%65%2E%63%6F%6D">Google</a> * * Note: Use rawurldecode() so it does not remove plus signs */ do { $str = rawurldecode($str); } while (preg_match('/%[0-9a-f]{2,}/i', $str)); /* * Convert character entities to ASCII * * This permits our tests below to work reliably. * We only convert entities that are within tags since * these are the ones that will pose security problems. */ $str = preg_replace_callback("/[^a-z0-9>]+[a-z0-9]+=([\'\"]).*?\\1/si", array($this, '_convert_attribute'), $str); $str = preg_replace_callback('/<\w+.*/si', array($this, '_decode_entity'), $str); // Remove Invisible Characters Again! $str = remove_invisible_characters($str); /* * Convert all tabs to spaces * * This prevents strings like this: ja vascript * NOTE: we deal with spaces between characters later. * NOTE: preg_replace was found to be amazingly slow here on * large blocks of data, so we use str_replace. */ $str = str_replace("\t", ' ', $str); // Capture converted string for later comparison $converted_string = $str; // Remove Strings that are never allowed $str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str); /* * Makes PHP tags safe * * Note: XML tags are inadvertently replaced too: * * <?xml * * But it doesn't seem to pose a problem. */ if ($is_image === TRUE) { // Images have a tendency to have the PHP short opening and // closing tags every so often so we skip those and only // do the long opening tags. $str = preg_replace('/<\?(php)/i', '<?\\1', $str); } else { $str = str_replace(array('<?', '?'.'>'), array('<?', '?>'), $str); } /* * Compact any exploded words * * This corrects words like: j a v a s c r i p t * These words are compacted back to their correct state. */ $words = array( 'javascript', 'expression', 'vbscript', 'jscript', 'wscript', 'vbs', 'script', 'base64', 'applet', 'alert', 'document', 'write', 'cookie', 'window', 'confirm', 'prompt' ); foreach ($words as $word) { $word = implode('\s*', str_split($word)).'\s*'; // We only want to do this when it is followed by a non-word character // That way valid stuff like "dealer to" does not become "dealerto" $str = preg_replace_callback('#('.substr($word, 0, -3).')(\W)#is', array($this, '_compact_exploded_words'), $str); } /* * Remove disallowed Javascript in links or img tags * We used to do some version comparisons and use of stripos(), * but it is dog slow compared to these simplified non-capturing * preg_match(), especially if the pattern exists in the string * * Note: It was reported that not only space characters, but all in * the following pattern can be parsed as separators between a tag name * and its attributes: [\d\s"\'`;,\/\=\(\x00\x0B\x09\x0C] * ... however, remove_invisible_characters() above already strips the * hex-encoded ones, so we'll skip them below. */ do { $original = $str; if (preg_match('/<a/i', $str)) { $str = preg_replace_callback('#<a[^a-z0-9>]+([^>]*?)(?:>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_link_removal'), $str); } if (preg_match('/<img/i', $str)) { $str = preg_replace_callback('#<img[^a-z0-9]+([^>]*?)(?:\s?/?>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_img_removal'), $str); } if (preg_match('/script|xss/i', $str)) { $str = preg_replace('#</*(?:script|xss).*?>#si', '[removed]', $str); } } while($original !== $str); unset($original); // Remove evil attributes such as style, onclick and xmlns $str = $this->_remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image); /* * Sanitize naughty HTML elements * * If a tag containing any of the words in the list * below is found, the tag gets converted to entities. * * So this: <blink> * Becomes: <blink> */ $naughty = 'alert|prompt|confirm|applet|audio|basefont|base|behavior|bgsound|blink|body|embed|expression|form|frameset|frame|head|html|ilayer|iframe|input|button|select|isindex|layer|link|meta|keygen|object|plaintext|style|script|textarea|title|math|video|svg|xml|xss'; $str = preg_replace_callback('#<(/*\s*)('.$naughty.')([^><]*)([><]*)#is', array($this, '_sanitize_naughty_html'), $str); /* * Sanitize naughty scripting elements * * Similar to above, only instead of looking for * tags it looks for PHP and JavaScript commands * that are disallowed. Rather than removing the * code, it simply converts the parenthesis to entities * rendering the code un-executable. * * For example: eval('some code') * Becomes: eval('some code') */ $str = preg_replace( '#(alert|prompt|confirm|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)\((.*?)\)#si', '\\1\\2(\\3)', $str ); // Final clean up // This adds a bit of extra precaution in case // something got through the above filters $str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str); /* * Images are Handled in a Special Way * - Essentially, we want to know that after all of the character * conversion is done whether any unwanted, likely XSS, code was found. * If not, we return TRUE, as the image is clean. * However, if the string post-conversion does not matched the * string post-removal of XSS, then it fails, as there was unwanted XSS * code found and removed/changed during processing. */ if ($is_image === TRUE) { return ($str === $converted_string); } log_message('debug', "XSS Filtering completed"); return $str; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Random Hash for protecting URLs * * @return string */ public function xss_hash() { if ($this->_xss_hash == '') { mt_srand(); $this->_xss_hash = md5(time() + mt_rand(0, 1999999999)); } return $this->_xss_hash; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * HTML Entities Decode * * This function is a replacement for html_entity_decode() * * The reason we are not using html_entity_decode() by itself is because * while it is not technically correct to leave out the semicolon * at the end of an entity most browsers will still interpret the entity * correctly. html_entity_decode() does not convert entities without * semicolons, so we are left with our own little solution here. Bummer. * * @param string * @param string * @return string */ public function entity_decode($str, $charset='UTF-8') { if (strpos($str, '&') === FALSE) { return $str; } static $_entities; isset($charset) OR $charset = strtoupper(config_item('charset')); $flag = is_php('5.4') ? ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML5 : ENT_COMPAT; do { $str_compare = $str; // Decode standard entities, avoiding false positives if ($c = preg_match_all('/&[a-z]{2,}(?![a-z;])/i', $str, $matches)) { if ( ! isset($_entities)) { $_entities = array_map( 'strtolower', is_php('5.3.4') ? get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES, $flag, $charset) : get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES, $flag) ); // If we're not on PHP 5.4+, add the possibly dangerous HTML 5 // entities to the array manually if ($flag === ENT_COMPAT) { $_entities[':'] = ':'; $_entities['('] = '('; $_entities[')'] = '&rpar'; $_entities["\n"] = '&newline;'; $_entities["\t"] = '&tab;'; } } $replace = array(); $matches = array_unique(array_map('strtolower', $matches[0])); for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++) { if (($char = array_search($matches[$i].';', $_entities, TRUE)) !== FALSE) { $replace[$matches[$i]] = $char; } } $str = str_ireplace(array_keys($replace), array_values($replace), $str); } // Decode numeric & UTF16 two byte entities $str = html_entity_decode( preg_replace('/(&#(?:x0*[0-9a-f]{2,5}(?![0-9a-f;])|(?:0*\d{2,4}(?![0-9;]))))/iS', '$1;', $str), $flag, $charset ); } while ($str_compare !== $str); return $str; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Filename Security * * @param string * @param bool * @return string */ public function sanitize_filename($str, $relative_path = FALSE) { $bad = array( '../', '<!--', '-->', '<', '>', "'", '"', '&', '$', '#', '{', '}', '[', ']', '=', ';', '?', '%20', '%22', '%3c', // < '%253c', // < '%3e', // > '%0e', // > '%28', // ( '%29', // ) '%2528', // ( '%26', // & '%24', // $ '%3f', // ? '%3b', // ; '%3d' // = ); if ( ! $relative_path) { $bad[] = './'; $bad[] = '/'; } $str = remove_invisible_characters($str, FALSE); do { $old = $str; $str = str_replace($bad, '', $str); } while ($old !== $str); return stripslashes($str); } // ---------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Compact Exploded Words * * Callback function for xss_clean() to remove whitespace from * things like j a v a s c r i p t * * @param type * @return type */ protected function _compact_exploded_words($matches) { return preg_replace('/\s+/s', '', $matches[1]).$matches[2]; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /* * Remove Evil HTML Attributes (like evenhandlers and style) * * It removes the evil attribute and either: * - Everything up until a space * For example, everything between the pipes: * <a |style=document.write('hello');alert('world');| class=link> * - Everything inside the quotes * For example, everything between the pipes: * <a |style="document.write('hello'); alert('world');"| class="link"> * * @param string $str The string to check * @param boolean $is_image TRUE if this is an image * @return string The string with the evil attributes removed */ protected function _remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image) { // All javascript event handlers (e.g. onload, onclick, onmouseover), style, and xmlns $evil_attributes = array('on\w*', 'style', 'xmlns', 'formaction', 'form', 'xlink:href'); if ($is_image === TRUE) { /* * Adobe Photoshop puts XML metadata into JFIF images, * including namespacing, so we have to allow this for images. */ unset($evil_attributes[array_search('xmlns', $evil_attributes)]); } do { $count = 0; $attribs = array(); // find occurrences of illegal attribute strings with quotes (042 and 047 are octal quotes) preg_match_all('/(?<!\w)('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\2]*?)(\\2)/is', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER); foreach ($matches as $attr) { $attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/'); } // find occurrences of illegal attribute strings without quotes preg_match_all('/(?<!\w)('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*([^\s>]*)/is', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER); foreach ($matches as $attr) { $attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/'); } // replace illegal attribute strings that are inside an html tag if (count($attribs) > 0) { $str = preg_replace('/(<?)(\/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z<>\-])(.*?)('.implode('|', $attribs).')(.*?)([\s><]?)([><]*)/i', '$1$2 $4$6$7$8', $str, -1, $count); } } while ($count); return $str; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Sanitize Naughty HTML * * Callback function for xss_clean() to remove naughty HTML elements * * @param array * @return string */ protected function _sanitize_naughty_html($matches) { return '<'.$matches[1].$matches[2].$matches[3] // encode opening brace // encode captured opening or closing brace to prevent recursive vectors: .str_replace(array('>', '<'), array('>', '<'), $matches[4]); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * JS Link Removal * * Callback function for xss_clean() to sanitize links * This limits the PCRE backtracks, making it more performance friendly * and prevents PREG_BACKTRACK_LIMIT_ERROR from being triggered in * PHP 5.2+ on link-heavy strings * * @param array * @return string */ protected function _js_link_removal($match) { return str_replace( $match[1], preg_replace( '#href=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm)(?:\(|&\#40;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|data\s*:)#si', '', $this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1])) ), $match[0] ); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * JS Image Removal * * Callback function for xss_clean() to sanitize image tags * This limits the PCRE backtracks, making it more performance friendly * and prevents PREG_BACKTRACK_LIMIT_ERROR from being triggered in * PHP 5.2+ on image tag heavy strings * * @param array * @return string */ protected function _js_img_removal($match) { return str_replace( $match[1], preg_replace( '#src=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm)(?:\(|&\#40;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si', '', $this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1])) ), $match[0] ); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Attribute Conversion * * Used as a callback for XSS Clean * * @param array * @return string */ protected function _convert_attribute($match) { return str_replace(array('>', '<', '\\'), array('>', '<', '\\\\'), $match[0]); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Filter Attributes * * Filters tag attributes for consistency and safety * * @param string * @return string */ protected function _filter_attributes($str) { $out = ''; if (preg_match_all('#\s*[a-z\-]+\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\1]*?)\\1#is', $str, $matches)) { foreach ($matches[0] as $match) { $out .= preg_replace("#/\*.*?\*/#s", '', $match); } } return $out; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * HTML Entity Decode Callback * * Used as a callback for XSS Clean * * @param array * @return string */ protected function _decode_entity($match) { // Protect GET variables in URLs // 901119URL5918AMP18930PROTECT8198 $match = preg_replace('|\&([a-z\_0-9\-]+)\=([a-z\_0-9\-/]+)|i', $this->xss_hash().'\\1=\\2', $match[0]); // Decode, then un-protect URL GET vars return str_replace( $this->xss_hash(), '&', $this->entity_decode($match, strtoupper(config_item('charset'))) ); } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Do Never Allowed * * A utility function for xss_clean() * * @param string * @return string */ protected function _do_never_allowed($str) { $str = str_replace(array_keys($this->_never_allowed_str), $this->_never_allowed_str, $str); foreach ($this->_never_allowed_regex as $regex) { $str = preg_replace('#'.$regex.'#is', '[removed]', $str); } return $str; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Set Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie * * @return string */ protected function _csrf_set_hash() { if ($this->_csrf_hash == '') { // If the cookie exists we will use it's value. // We don't necessarily want to regenerate it with // each page load since a page could contain embedded // sub-pages causing this feature to fail if (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) && preg_match('#^[0-9a-f]{32}$#iS', $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) === 1) { return $this->_csrf_hash = $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]; } return $this->_csrf_hash = md5(uniqid(rand(), TRUE)); } return $this->_csrf_hash; } } /* End of file Security.php */ /* Location: ./system/core/Security.php */
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